Combustion Processes in Propulsion,

Chapter 1:Simultaneous Velocity and Temperature Field Measurements of a Jet Flame
L. Lourenco and E. Koc-Alkislar
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Test Arrangement and Results
1.3 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments

Chapter 2: Infrared Absorption Tomography for Active Combustion Control
F. C. Gouldin and J. L. Edwards
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Absorption Tomography
2.3 Infrared Absorption and Flow Facility
2.4 Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
2.5 Results
2.6 Concluding Remarks
References

Chapter 3: Deterministic and Probabilistic Approaches for Prediction of Two-Phase Turbulent Flow in Liquid-Fuel Combustors
G. B. Jacobs, R.V.R. Pandya, B. Shotorban, Z. Gao, and F. Mashayek
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Direct Numerical Simulation of Countercurrent Shear Flow
3.3 Probability Density Function Modeling
3.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 4: Large-Scale Simulations of Turbulent Combustion and Propulsion Systems
A. Afshari and F. A. Jaberi
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theoretical/Computational Approach
4.3 Results and Discussion
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 5: Direct Simulation of Primary Atomization
D. P. Schmidt
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Past Work
5.3 Objectives
5.4 Methodology
5.5 Tasks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 6: Extinction and Relight in Opposed Premixed Flames
E. Korusoy and J.H. Whitelaw
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Experimental Setup
6.3 Results
6.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 7: In uence of Markstein Number on the Parametric Acoustic Instability
N. J. Killingsworth and R. C. Aldredge
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Experimental Procedure
7.3 Results
7.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 8: Prevaporized JP-10 Combustion and the Enhanced Production of Turbulence Using Countercurrent Shear
D. J. Forliti, A.A. Behrens, B.A. Tang, and P. J. Strykowski
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Prevaporized JP-10 Combustion
8.3 Combustion Facilities
8.4 Results and Discussion: Combustion Studies
8.5 Enhanced Production of Turbulence
8.6 Shear Layer Facility
8.7 Results and Discussion: Shear Layer Studies
8.8 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 9: Mixing Control for Jet Flows
M. Krsti
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Jet Flow Model and Simulation Techniques
9.3 Simulation of Open-Loop Jet Flow
9.4 Destabilization and Mixing of Massless Particles
9.5 Mixing of Particles with Mass
9.6 Mixing of Passive Scalar
Acknowledgments

Chapter 10: Characteristics and Control of a Multiswirl Spray Combustor
E. J. Gutmark, G. Li, and S. Abraham
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Experimental Setup 10.3 Results and Discussions
10.4 Particle Image Velocimetry Results
10.5 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 11: Swirling Jet Systems for Combustion Control
F. F. Grinstein and T. R. Young
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Numerical Simulation Model
11.3 Swirl Initial Conditions
11.4 Results and Discussion
11.5 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 12: Control of Flame Structure in Spray Combustion
A. K. Gupta, B. Habibzadeh, S. Archer, and M. Linck
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Experimental Facility
12.3 Results
12.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments References

Chapter 13: Porous Media Burners for Clean Engines
J. J. Witton and E. Noordally
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Experimental Setup
13.3 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments References

Chapter 14:Simulations of a Porous Burner for a Gas Turbine
J. L. Ellzey, A. J. Barra, and G. Diepvens
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Numerical Method
14.3 Results
14.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 15: Characteristics and Control of Combustion Instabilities in a Swirl-Stabilized Spray Combustor
S. Acharya and J.H. Uhm
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Experimental Setup
15.3 Results and Discussions
15.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 16: Combustion and Mixing Control Studies for Advanced Propulsion
B. Pang, S. Cipolla, O. Hsu, V. Nenmeni, and K. Yu
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Vortex-Stabilized Flames and Heat Release
16.3 Dump Combustor Characterization and
Liquid-Fueled Active Control
16.4 High-Enthalpy Inlet Experiment and Critical Fuel-Flux Model
16.5 Passive Control of Supersonic Mixing
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 17: Active Pattern Factor Control on an Advanced Combustor
S. C. Creighton and J.A. Lovett
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Fuel Delivery System
17.3 Fuel Control Valves
17.4 Optical Sensors
17.5 Computational Results
17.6 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments References

Chapter 18: System Design Methods for Simultaneous Optimal Control of Combustion Instabilities and Efficency
W. T. Baumann, W. R. Saunders, and U. Vandsburger
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Pulsed and Subharmonic Control
18.3 Least-Mean-Square-Based Algorithms
18.4 Direct Optimization Algorithms
18.5 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 19: Model-Based Optimal Active Control of Liquid-Fueled Combustion Systems
D. Wee, S. Park, T. Yi, A. M. Annaswamy, and A. F. Ghoniem
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Shear-Flow Driven Combustion Instability
19.3 A Recursive Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Algorithm for Flow Control Problems
19.4 Adaptive Low-Order Posi-Cast Control of a Combustor Test-Rig Model
19.5 Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments
References

SECTION TWO:HIGH-SPEED JET NOISE
Chapter 1: Aeroacoustics and Emissions Studies of Swirling Combustor Flows
S. H. Frankel, J. P. Gore, and L. Mongeau
1.1 Introduction 1.2 Previous Work
1.3 Preliminary Work
1.4 Future Plan
1.5 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 2: Considerations for the Measurement of Very-High-Amplitude Noise Fields
A. A. Atchley and T.B. Gabrielson
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Technical Approach
2.3 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 3: High-Speed Jet Noise Reduction Using Microjets
A. Krothapalli, B. Greska, and V. Arakeri
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Experimental Setup and Procedures
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments References

Chapter 4: Acoustic Test Flight Results with Prediction for the F/A-18 E/F Aircraft During FCLP Mission
J. M. Seiner, L. Ukeiley, and B. J. Jansen
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Acoustic Flight-Test Preparation
4.3 Systems Noise Prediction of Flight-Test Points
4.4 Model-Scale Developments
4.5 Bluebell Nozzle Application
4.6 Concluding Remarks and Future Plans
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 5: Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Supersonic Jet-Noise Reduction Concepts
S. M. Dash, D.C. Kenzakowski, C. Kannepalli,
J. D. Chenoweth, and N. Sinha
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Microjet Injection Studies
5.3 F/A-18 E/F Model Studies
5.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

SECTION THREE:PULSE DETONATION ENGINES
Chapter 1: Investigation of Spray Detonation Characteristics Using a Controlled, Homogeneously Seeded Two-Phase Mixture
B. M. Knappe and C. F. Edwards
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Experimental Setup: Tube Seeding
1.3 Experimental Setup: Detonation Tube
1.4 Results: Two-Phase Mixture Homogeneity
1.5 Results: Two-Phase Detonation of Hexane
1.6 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments

Chapter 2: Deagration-to-Detonation Studies for Multicycle PDE Applications
R. J. Santoro, S.-Y. Lee, C. Conrad, J. Brumberg,
S. Saretto, S. Pal, and R.D. Woodward
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Experimental Setup
2.3 Results and Discussion
2.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 3: Initiator Diraction Limits in a Pulse Detonation Engine
C. M. Brophy, J.O. Sinibaldi, and D. W. Netzer
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Experimental Setup
3.3 Results
3.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 4: The Role of Geometrical Factors in Deagration-to-Detonation Transition
N. N. Smirnov, V. F. Nikitin, V. M. Shevtsova, and J.C. Legros
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Numerical Studies of Combustion Propagation Regimes
4.3 Turbulizing Chambers at the Ignition Section
4.4 Turbulizing Chambers along the Tube
4.5 Turbulizing Chambers at the Far-End of the Tube
4.6 Effect of Initial Temperature
4.7 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 5: Pseudospark-Based Pulse Generator for Corona-Assisted Combustion Experiments
A. Kuthi, J. Liu, C. Young, L.-C. Lee, and M. Gundersen
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Design
5.3 Operation
5.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 6: Breakup of Droplets under Shock Impact
C. Segal, A. Chandy, and D. Mikolaitis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Experimental Setup
6.3 Results
6.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 7: Impulse Production by Injecting Fuel-Rich Combustion Products in Air
A. A. Borisov
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Experimental Study
7.3 Experimental Results
7.4 Numerical Modeling
7.5 Discussion
7.6 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments

Chapter 8: Thermodynamic Evaluation of the
Dual-Fuel PDE Concept
S. M. Frolov and N.M. Kuznetsov
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Liquid-Vapor Phase Equilibrium Curves for Individual Components
8.3 Calculation of the Total Pressure of Two-Phase System at Isotherms
8.4 Results of Total Pressure Calculations
8.5 Calculation of Activity CoeÆcients and Gas-Phase Composition
8.6 Ideal Solution Approximation
8.7 Ternary System Water - Hydrogen Peroxide - Air
8.8 Ternary System Water - Hydrogen Peroxide - Jet Propulsion Fuel
8.9 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 9: Thermal Decomposition of JP-10 Studied by Microflow Tube Pyrolysis{Mass Spectrometry)
R. J. Green, S. Nakra, and S. L. Anderson
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Experimental Setup .
9.3 Results and Discussion
9.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 10: Laser Diagnostics and Combustion Chemistry for Pulse Detonation Engines
R. K. Hanson, D.W. Mattison, L. Ma, D. F. Davidson, and S. T. Sanders
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Wavelength-Agile Temperature and Pressure Sensor
10.3 Propane Sensor
10.4 Ethylene-Based Active Control
10.5 Two-Phase Mixture Diagnostic
10.6 Shock-Tube Studies
10.7 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 11: Computational Studies of Pulse Detonation Engines
K. Kailasanath, C. Li, and S. Cheatham
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Performance Estimates of an Idealized Pulse Detonation
Engine
11.3 Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis . .
11.4 Detonation Transition
11.5 Multiphase Detonations
11.6 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 12: Simulation of Direct Initiation of Detonation Using Realistic Finite-Rate Models
K.-S. Im and S.-T. J. Yu
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Theoretical Model
12.3 Results and Discussions
12.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 13: System Performance and Thrust Chamber Optimization of Air-Breathing Pulse Detonation Engines
V. Yang, F. H. Ma, and J. Y. Choi
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Effect of Nozzle Conguration on PDE Performance
13.3 Single-Tube Thrust Chamber Dynamics
13.4 Multitube Thrust Chamber Dynamics
13.5 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References

Chapter 14: Software Development for Automated Parametric Study and Performance Optimization of Pulse Detonation Engines
J. L. Cambier and M.R. Amin
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Object-Oriented Design
14.3 Virtual Design Environment
14.4 Approach and Results
14.5 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References