Acknowledgments
Foreword to the Second Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Author Biography
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
1.1 Visualization in Medicine as a Speciality of Scientific Visualization
1.2 Computerized Medical Imaging
1.3 2D and 3D Visualizations
1.4 Further Information
1.5 Organization
Part I: Acquisition, Analysis, and Interpretation of Medical Volume Data
Part I. Acquisition, Analysis, and Interpretation of Medical Volume Data
Chapter 2. Acquisition of Medical Image Data
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Medical Image Data
2.3 Data Artifacts and Signal Processing
2.4 X-Ray Imaging
2.5 Computed Tomography
2.6 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
2.7 Ultrasound
2.8 Imaging in Nuclear Medicine
2.9 Intraoperative Imaging
2.10 Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 3. An Introduction to Medical Visualization in Clinical Practice
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Diagnostic Accuracy
3.3 Visual Perception
3.4 Storage of Medical Image Data
3.5 Conventional Film-Based Diagnosis
3.6 Soft-Copy Reading
3.7 Medical Visualization in Nuclear Medicine
3.8 Medical Image Data in Radiation Treatment Planning
3.9 Medical Team Meetings
3.10 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 4. Image Analysis for Medical Visualization
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Preprocessing and Filtering
4.3 An Introduction to Image Segmentation
4.4 Graph-Based Segmentation Techniques
4.5 Advanced and Model-Based Segmentation Methods
4.6 Interaction for Segmentation
4.7 Validation of Segmentation Methods
4.8 Registration and Fusion of Medical Image Data
4.9 Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 5. Human-Computer Interaction for Medical Visualization
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 User and Task Analysis
5.3 Metaphors
5.4 Prototyping
5.5 User Interface Principles and User Experience
5.6 3D Interaction Techniques
5.7 Input Devices
5.8 HCI in the Operating Room
5.9 Mobile Computing
5.10 Evaluation
5.11 Conclusion
Part II: Visualization and Exploration of Medical Volume Data
Part II. Visualization and Exploration of Medical Volume Data
Chapter 6. Surface Rendering
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Reconstruction of Surfaces from Contours
6.3 Marching Cubes
6.4 Surface Rendering of Unsegmented Volume Data
6.5 Surface Rendering of Segmented Volume Data
6.6 Advanced Mesh Smoothing
6.7 Mesh Simplification and Web-Based Surface Rendering
6.8 Concluding Remarks
Chapter 7. Direct Volume Visualization
Abstract
7.1 Theoretical Models
7.2 The Volume Rendering Pipeline
7.3 Compositing
7.4 Volume Raycasting
7.5 Efficient Volume Rendering
7.6 Direct Volume Rendering on the GPU
7.7 Summary
Further Reading and Experimentation
Chapter 8. Advanced Direct Volume Visualization
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Volumetric Illumination
8.3 Artificial Depth Enhancements
8.4 Concluding Remarks
Further Reading
Chapter 9. Volume Interaction
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 One-Dimensional Transfer Functions
9.3 Multidimensional Transfer Functions
9.4 Gradient-Based and LH-Based Transfer Functions
9.5 Local and Distance-Based Transfer Functions
9.6 Advanced Picking
9.7 Clipping
9.8 Virtual Resection
9.9 Cutting Medical Volume Data
9.10 Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 10. Labeling and Measurements in Medical Visualization
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 General Design Issues
10.3 Interactive Measurement of Distances and Volumes
10.4 Automatic Distance Measures
10.5 Angular Measurements
10.6 Measurements in Virtual Reality
10.7 Labeling 2D and 3D Medical Visualizations
10.8 Summary
Further Reading
Part III: Advanced Medical Visualization Techniques
Part III. Advanced Medical Visualization Techniques
Chapter 11. Visualization of Vascular Structures
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Enhancing Vascular Structures
11.3 Projection-Based Visualization
11.4 Vessel Analysis
11.5 Model-Based Surface Visualization
11.6 Model-Free Surface Visualization
11.7 Vessel Visualization for Diagnosis
11.8 Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 12. Illustrative Medical Visualization
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Medical Applications
12.3 Curvature Approximation
12.4 An Introduction to Feature Lines
12.5 Geometry-Dependent Feature Lines
12.6 Light-Dependent Feature Lines
12.7 Stippling
12.8 Hatching
12.9 Illustrative Shading
12.10 Smart Visibility
12.11 Conclusion
Further Reading
Chapter 13. Virtual Endoscopy
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Medical and Technical Background
13.3 Preprocessing
13.4 Rendering for Virtual Endoscopy
13.5 User Interfaces for Virtual Endoscopy
13.6 Applications
13.7 Concluding Remarks
Further Reading
Chapter e14. Projections and Reformations
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Overview
14.3 Anatomical Unfolding
14.4 Anatomical Planar Reformation/Projection
14.5 Map Projections
14.6 Conclusion
Part IV: Visualization of High-Dimensional Medical Image Data
Part IV. Visualization of High-Dimensional Medical Image Data
Chapter 15. Visualization of Brain Connectivity
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Acquisition of Connectivity Data
15.3 Visualization of Structural Connectivity
15.4 Visualization of Connectivity Matrices
15.5 Summary
Further Reading
Chapter e16. Visual Exploration and Analysis of Perfusion Data
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Medical Imaging
16.3 Data Processing and Data Analysis
16.4 Visual Exploration of Perfusion Data
16.5 Visual Analysis of Perfusion Data
16.6 Case Study: Cerebral Perfusion
16.7 Case Study: Breast Tumor Perfusion
16.8 Case Study: Myocardial Perfusion
16.9 Further Application Areas
16.10 Concluding Remarks
Further Reading
Part V: Treatment Planning, Guidance and Training
Part V. Treatment Planning, Guidance and Training
Chapter 17. Computer-Assisted Surgery
Abstract
17.1 Introduction
17.2 General Tasks
17.3 Visualization Techniques
17.4 Guidance Approaches
17.5 Application Areas
17.6 Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 18. Image-Guided Surgery and Augmented Reality
Abstract
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Image-Guided Surgery
18.3 Registration
18.4 Calibration and Tracking
18.5 Navigated Control
18.6 Display Modes
18.7 Visualization Techniques for Medical Augmented Reality
18.8 Applications
18.9 Summary
Further Reading
Chapter 19. Visual Exploration of Simulated and Measured Flow Data
Abstract
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Basic Flow Visualization Techniques
19.3 From Medical Image Data to Simulation Models
19.4 Visual Exploration of Measured Cardiac Blood Flow
19.5 Exploration of Simulated Cerebral Blood Flow
19.6 Biomedical Simulation and Modeling
19.7 Concluding Remarks
Further Reading
Chapter e20. Visual Computing for ENT Surgery Planning
Abstract
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Planning and Training Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
20.3 Visual Computing for Inner and Middle Ear Surgery
20.4 Neck Surgery Planning
20.5 Image Analysis for Neck Surgery Planning
20.6 Interactive Visualization for Neck Surgery Planning
20.7 Concluding Remarks
Further Reading
Chapter e21. Computer-Assisted Medical Education
Abstract
21.1 Introduction
21.2 e-Learning in Medicine
21.3 Anatomy Education
21.4 Surgery Education
21.5 Simulation for Surgery and Interventional Radiology
21.6 Simulation for Training Interventional Procedures
21.7 Systems for Training Operative Techniques
21.8 Training Systems Based on Physical Models
21.9 Skills Assessment
21.10 Summary
References
Index
