Book Details

1. Introduction: Historical view of the evolution of the chemical Industry

2. Principles of process design
2.1: Process Engineering
2.2: Process design principles
2.3: Flowsheeting
2.4: Mass and energy balances summary
2.5: Process optimization and control
2.6: Process safety
2.7: Sustainability in process design
2.8: Summary
2.9: Problems
2.10: References

3. Air as raw material
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Air separation
3.2.1: History
3.2.2: Separations.
3.2.3: Air liquefaction: Cycles of Linde, Claude, Phillips. Air Distillation
3.2.4: Storage
3.3: Atmospheric contamination. Particle removal. NOx abatement, SO2 abatement.
3.4: Humid air
3.4.1: Concepts and definitions
3.4.2: Solids drying mechanism
3.4.3: Dryer’s classification
3.5: Summary
3.6: Problems
3.7: References

4. Water as raw material
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Water as a raw material.
4.2.1: Water Salinity.
4.2.2: Desalination. Evaporator design. Crystallization analysis. Solar evaporators Membranes design
4.2.3: Water electrolysis. Green Hydrogen production. Fuel cells.
4.2.4: Thermal cycles for water decomposition.
4.2.5: NaCl Industry. Leblanc Process. Solvay Process. CO2 capture looping
4.3: Water – energy nexus
4.4: Summary
4.5: Problems
4.6: References

5. Synthesis gases and their use
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Stage I: Syngas production: Production of H2 and H2: CO mixtures
a.1: Gas generator / Water gas.
a.2: Coal distillation.
a.3: Gasification
a.4: Partial oxidation
a.5: Reforming
b) Nitrogen production
5.3: Stage II. Gas clean-up
5.3.1: Concentrated sources
5.3.2: Diluted sources. Direct air Capture.
5.4: Stage III: Synthesis.
5.4.1: Ammonia
5.4.1.1: Introduction
5.4.1.2: Synthesis of ammonia. Thermodynamics, kinetics, reactor design, industrial process analysis.
5.4.2: FT type synthesis.
5.4.1.2: Methane. Mechanisms. Thermodynamics. Kinetics and reactor design.
5.4.2.2: Methanol. Mechanisms. Thermodynamics. Kinetics and reactor design
5.4.2.3: FT liquids. Heavy Oil Refinery and upgrading
5.4.3: Use of CO2 to chemicals. E fuels and Urea.
5.4.4: Methanol to chemicals.
5.5: Summary
5.6: Problems
5.7: References

6. Nitric acid production
6.1: Introduction.
6.2: Production technologies and processes.
6.2.1: From Nitrates.
6.2.2: From air
6.2.3: From ammonia. Process flowsheets. Converter design. Absorption and purification
6.2.3.1: Process description
6.2.3.2: Process analysis
6.3: Emissions control.
6.4: Summary
6.5: Problems
6.6: References

7. Sulfuric acid production
7.1: Introduction: History of Sulfuric acid.
7.2: Pyrite processing.
7.3: Sulfuric acid production
7.3.1: Lead Chambers: Process evolution and process analysis.
7.3.2: Contact process: Converter design. Thermodynamics and kinetics. Process analysis.
7.4: Summary
7.5: Problems
7.6: References

8. Phosphoric acid, phosphates and fertilizers production
8.1: Phosphatic rock
8.2: Phosphoric acid
8.2.1: Wet processes
8.2.2: Thermal process
8.2.3: Kiln Process acid.
8.3: Fertilizers
8.3.1: Superphosphate
8.3.2: Triple phosphate
8.3.3: Nitrophosphate
8.3.4: Amonium phosphate
8.3.5: Polyphosphate
8.3.6: NPK’s
8.4: Summary
8.5: Problems
8.6: References

9. Iron production
9.1: Introduction
9.1.1: Iron features
9.1.2: Sources of Iron
9.1.3: Combiantios of Fe with C and others
9.1.4: Iron production
9.2: Blast furnace analysis
9.2.1: Description and scheme of a furnace
9.2.2: Iron purification
9.2.2.1: Foundry
9.2.2.2: Steel production
9.2.3: Direct reduction
9.3: Summary
9.4: Problems
9.5: References

10. Biomass processing
10.1: Biomass types and preprocessing
10.1.1: Grain
10.1.2: Lignocellulosic biomass
10.1.3: Seeds
10.1.4: Algae
10.1.5: Rubber
10.1.6: Waste and manure
10.1.7: Pelletization
10.2: Processing intermediates
10.2.1: Sugars
10.2.2: Syngas
10.2.3: Oil
10.2.4: Biogas upgrading
10.3: Product purification
10.3.1-Ethanol dehydration
10.3.2: Mix alcohols separation
10.3.3: Alcohols recovery
10.3.4: Penicillin purification.
10.4: Power cycles.
10.5: Use of byproducts.
10.6: Summary
10.7: Problems.
10.8: References.

11. Polymers production
11.1: Introduction
11.2: Types of polymerization processes
11.3: Polyethylene
11.4: PMMA
11.5: PVC
11.6: Polycarbonate
11.7: Biodegradable polymers
11.8: Summary
11.9: Problems.
11.10: References.