CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Objectives
Chemical Nature of Hormones
Transport of Hormones in the Circulation
Cellular Responses to Hormones
Summary
Self-study Problems
Keywords and Concepts
CHAPTER 2
ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 27
Objectives
Enteroendocrine Hormone Families and Their Receptors
Gastrin and the Regulation of Gastric Function
Enteroendocrine Regulation of the Exocrine Pancreas and Gallbladder
Insulinotropic Actions of Gastrointestinal Peptides (Incretin Action)
Enterotropic Actions of Gastrointestinal Hormones
Summary
Self-study Problems
Keywords and Concepts
CHAPTER 3
ENERGY METABOLISM
Key Pathways Involved in Energy Metabolism
Objectives
Overview of Energy Metabolism
General Pathways Involved in Energy Metabolism
Key Hormones Involved in Metabolic Homeostasis
Metabolic Homeostasis: The Integrated Outcome of Hormonal and Substrate/Product Regulation of Metabolic Pathways
Liver
Skeletal Muscle
Adipose Tissue-Derived Hormones and Adipokines
Appetite Control and Obesity
Diabetes Mellitus
Summary
Self-study Problems
Keywords and Concepts
CHAPTER 4
CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE HOMEOSTASIS
Objectives
Calcium and Phosphorus are Important Dietary Elements that Play Many Crucial Roles in Cellular Physiology
Physiologic Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate: Parathyroid Hormone and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
Small Intestine, Bone, and Kidney Determine Ca2þ and Pi Levels
Pathologic Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Balance
Summary
Self-study Problems
Keywords and Concepts
CHAPTER 5
HYPOTHALAMUS-PITUITARY COMPLEX.
Objectives
Embryology and Anatomy
Neurohypophysis
Adenohypophysis
Summary
Self-study Problems
Keywords and Concepts
CHAPTER 6
THE THYROID GLAND
Objectives
Anatomy and Histology of the Thyroid Gland
Production of Thyroid Hormones
Transport and Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones
Summary
Self-study Problems
Keywords and Concepts
CHAPTER 7
THE ADRENAL GLAND
Objectives
Anatomy
Adrenal Medulla
Adrenal Cortex
Zona Glomerulosa
Pathologic Conditions Involving the Adrenal Cortex
Summary
Self-study Problems
Keywords and Concepts 176.e1
CHAPTER 8
LIFE CYCLE OF THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
Objectives
General Components of a Reproductive System
Overview of Meiosis
Basic Anatomy of the Reproductive Systems
Sexual Development in Utero
Puberty
Menopause and Andropause
Summary
Self-study Problems
Keywords and Concepts 193.e1
CHAPTER 9
THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Objectives
Histophysiology of the Testis
Transport, Actions, and Metabolism of Androgens
Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Testis Axis
Male Reproductive Tract
Disorders Involving the Male Reproductive System
Summary
Self-study Problems
Keywords and Concepts 213.e1
CHAPTER 10
THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Objectives
Anatomy and Histology of the Ovary
Growth, Development, and Function of the Ovarian Follicle
The Human Menstrual Cycle
Female Reproductive Tract
Biology of Estradiol and Progesterone
Ovarian Pathophysiology
Summary
Self-study Problems
Keywords and Concepts 238.e1
CHAPTER 11
FERTILIZATION, PREGNANCY, AND LACTATION
Objectives
Fertilization, Early Embryogenesis, Implantation, and Placentation
Placental Transport
The Fetal Endocrine System
Maternal Endocrine Changes During Pregnancy
Maternal Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy
Parturition
Mammogenesis and Lactation
Contraception
In Vitro Fertilization
Summary
Self-study Problems
Keywords and Concepts
APPENDIX A: ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY PROBLEMS
.
APPENDIX B: COMPREHENSIVE
MULTIPLE-CHOICE EXAMINATION
APPENDIX C: HORMONE RANGES
APPENDIX D: ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
INDEX
