Dedication
Preface
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Acknowledgments
1. Groundwater: The Big Picture
Key Terms
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Global Water Reservoirs and Fluxes
1.3 Terminology for Subsurface Waters
1.4 Fluxes Affecting Groundwater
1.5 Hydrologic Balance
1.6 Water and Groundwater Use
1.7 What Groundwater Scientists Do
1.8 Problems
2. Physical Properties
Key Terms
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Properties of Water
2.3 Properties of Air
2.4 Properties of Porous Media
2.5 Energy and Hydraulic Head
2.6 Measuring Hydraulic Head with Wells and Piezometers
2.7 Problems
3. Principles of Flow
Key Terms
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Darcy’s Law and Hydraulic Conductivity
3.3 Intrinsic Permeability and Conductivity of Other Fluids
3.4 Limits on the Application of Darcy’s Law
3.5 Heterogeneity and Anisotropy of Hydraulic Conductivity
3.6 Estimating Average Hydraulic Conductivities
3.7 Transmissivity
3.8 Measuring Hydraulic Conductivity
3.9 Flow in Fractured Rock
3.10 Unsaturated Flow
3.11 Flow of Groundwater with Variable Density
3.12 Problems
4. Field Exploration and Wells
Key Terms
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Exploring the Subsurface
4.3 Wells
4.4 Problems
5. Hydrology and Geology
Key Terms
5.1 General Patterns of Groundwater Flow
5.2 Surface Water Hydrology and Groundwater/Surface Water Interaction
5.3 Groundwater in Unconsolidated Deposits
5.4 Groundwater in Sedimentary Rocks
5.5 Groundwater in Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks
5.6 Frozen Ground and Permafrost
5.7 Problems
6. Deformation, Storage, and General Flow Equations
Key Terms
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Effective Stress
6.3 Atmospheric Pressure Fluctuations
6.4 Excavation Instability and Liquefaction
6.5 Slope Instability
6.6 Earthquakes and Groundwater Pressures
6.7 Matrix Compression
6.8 Changes in Subsurface Water Storage
6.9 General Flow Equations
6.10 Overview of Mathematical Modeling
6.11 Problems
7. Modeling Steady Flow with Basic Methods
Key Terms
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Aquifers with Uniform Transmissivity
7.3 Vertical Plane Flow
7.4 Flow Net Graphical Solutions
7.5 Unconfined Aquifers with a Horizontal Base
7.6 Problems
8. Modeling Transient Well Hydraulics and Mounding
Key Terms
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Slug Tests
8.3 Transient Response of Aquifers to Pumping
8.4 Pumping Test Analysis
8.5 Additional Considerations for Pumping Tests
8.6 Transient Mounding under a Rectangular Recharge Area
8.7 Problems
9. Computer-Assisted Flow Modeling
Key Terms
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Finite Difference Method
9.3 Finite Element Method
9.4 Analytic Element Method
9.5 Strengths and Limitations of These Methods
9.6 Modeling Process
9.7 Problems
10. Groundwater Chemistry
Key Terms
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Molecular Properties of Water
10.3 Solute Concentration Units
10.4 Natural Solutes
10.5 Chemical Reactions
10.6 Mineral Dissolution and Precipitation
10.7 Gas–Water Partitioning
10.8 Aqueous-Phase Reactions
10.9 Sorption
10.10 Isotopes
10.11 Examples of Natural Groundwater Chemistry Processes
10.12 Problems
11. Groundwater Contamination
Key Terms
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Contamination Sources
11.3 Organic Contaminants
11.4 Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids
11.5 Solute Transport Processes
11.6 Case Studies of Solute Transport
11.7 Modeling Solute Transport
11.8 Investigating Contamination
11.9 Remediating Contamination
11.10 Problems
12. Subsurface Heat Flow and Geothermal Energy
Key Terms
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Energy and Heat Flow Processes
12.3 Crustal Temperatures and Heat Flow
12.4 Shallow Temperatures
12.5 Hydrothermal Systems and Geysers
12.6 Geothermal Energy
12.7 Problems
Appendix A: Units and Conversions
A.1 Length [L]
A.2 Area [L2]
A.3 Volume [L3]
A.4 Time [T]
A.5 Mass [M] and Weight [ML/T2] at Earth’s Surface
A.6 Force [ML/T2]
A.7 Pressure or Stress [M/LT2]
A.8 Energy [ML2/T2]
A.9 Power [ML2/T3]
A.10 Angle
A.11 Temperature
A.12 Velocity and Hydraulic Conductivity [L/T]
A.13 Transmissivity [L2/T]
A.14 Discharge (Flow Rate) [L3/T]
A.15 Unit Prefixes
A.16 Performing Unit Conversions
Appendix B: Mathematics Primer
B.1 Algebra and Geometry
B.2 Functions of One Variable
B.3 Formulas for Common Derivatives
B.4 Functions of Two or More Variables
Appendix C: Book Website
Answers to Selected Problems
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
References
Index
